The varicella vaccine developed by Takahashi and cols. in 1974, in Japan, shows outstanding features. Its development, site and route of administration and final results are reviewed in this article. The varicella vaccine is highly effective in normal children (with almost 100% seroconversion rate), and with good protective responses in immunocompromised children (82% to 90% seroconversion rate). This is the first attenuated live virus vaccine that may be recommended for these patients. Its indications and side effects, along with needed precautions and contraindications are reviewed. Simultaneous administration of varicella vaccine with other vaccines can be done, each vaccine should be injected at different sites. New studies are ongoing for the association of the varicella vaccine with others vaccines. Several countries licensed this vaccine for administration in selected high-risk individuals. Probably, in the future, the varicella vaccine will be included in the preventive immunization schedule.